The modulating effect of musical expertise on lexical-semantic prediction in speech-in-noise comprehension: Evidence from an EEG study.

Musical expertise has been proposed to facilitate speech perception and comprehension in noisy environments. This study further examined the open question of whether musical expertise modulates high-level lexical-semantic prediction to aid online speech comprehension in noisy backgrounds. Musicians and nonmusicians listened to semantically strongly/weakly constraining sentences during EEG recording. At verbs prior to target nouns, both groups showed a positivity-ERP effect (Strong vs. Weak) associated with the predictability of incoming nouns; this correlation effect was stronger in musicians than in nonmusicians. After the target nouns appeared, both groups showed an N400 reduction effect (Strong vs. Weak) associated with noun predictability, but musicians exhibited an earlier onset latency and stronger effect size of this correlation effect than nonmusicians. To determine whether musical expertise enhances anticipatory semantic processing in general, the same group of participants participated in a control reading comprehension experiment. The results showed that, compared with nonmusicians, musicians demonstrated more delayed ERP correlation effects of noun predictability at words preceding the target nouns; musicians also exhibited more delayed and reduced N400 decrease effects correlated with noun predictability at the target nouns. Taken together, these results suggest that musical expertise enhances lexical-semantic predictive processing in speech-in-noise comprehension. This musical-expertise effect may be related to the strengthened hierarchical speech processing in particular.

[Significance of BCL6, MYC, P53 genes abnormalities for the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of BCL6, MYC, P53 genes abnormalities can on the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to identify independent prognostic factors for DLBCL in order to facilitate clinical prognosis and selection of stratification treatment for the patients. METHODS: Sixty five newly diagnosed DLBCL pathological specimens were collected from 2009 to 2012. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization technique (I-FISH) was used to detect the status of BCL6, MYC and P53 genes. Clinical factors were combined with immunohistochemical results for multiple-factor survival analysis. RESULTS: The rates of BCL6 gene rearrangement, P53 gene deletion and MYC rearrangement were 21.5% (14/65), 35.4% (23/65) and 7.7% (5/65), respectively. BCL6 rearrangement group has obviously poorer overall survival (OS)(P< 0.05). COX proportional hazards model analysis showed that gender, BCL6 protein, BCL6 rearrangement, Ki67 index were prognosis factors independent of international prognostic index (IPI). CONCLUSION: BCL6 can influence the prognosis of patients with DLBCL at gene and protein levels and both are independent prognostic factors for DLBCL.

[Comparison and analysis of SNV results: detected by transcriptome sequencing technology on initial diagnosis and remission stage of a patient with AML-M2].

This study was aimed to further clarify the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia(AML), and to forecast new somatic mutations related with leukemia. The peripheral blood samples on initial diagnosis and remission stage of a patient with partial differentiated AML(AML-M2) were sequenced by high throughput transcriptome sequencing technology. The single nucleotide variation (SNV) which possibly related with pathogenesis of leukemia was screened through comparison of the expressed genes on initial diagnosis and after remission. The results showed that the Reads distributed uniformly in genome and covered completely, detecting most expression genes. by screening the SNV, a total of 29881 mutations were discovered, including 28113 germline mutations and 752 individual mutations. Among them, 11 acquired mutations (P < 0.05) in coding regions were got, including ZRSR1, MLXIP, TLN1, LAP3, HK3. It is concluded that the high throughput sequencing as an unbiased new method can find new tumor-related mutations. MLXIP may be a new molecular marker of AML-M2.

RNA-Seq analysis identifies aberrant RNA splicing of TRIP12 in acute myeloid leukemia patients at remission.

Aberrant splicing events play important roles in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To investigate the aberrant splicing events in AML during treatment, we carried out RNA sequencing in peripheral mononuclear cell samples from a patient with complete remission. In addition to the sequencing samples, selected splicing events were confirmed and validated with real-time quantitative RT-PCR in another seven pairs of samples. A total of 4.05 and 3.39 GB clean data of the AML and remission sample were generated, respectively, and 2,223 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Integrated with gene expression profiling on T cells from AML patients compared with healthy donors, 82 DEGs were also differentially expressed in AML CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells. Twenty-three alternative splicing events were considered to be confidential, and they were involved in many biological processes, such as RNA processing, cellular macromolecule catabolic process, and DNA binding process. An exon3-skipping event in TRIP12 was detected in patients at remission and further validated in another three independent samples. TRIP12 is an ubiquitin ligase of ARF, which suppresses aberrant cell growth by activating p53 responses. The exon3-skipping isoform of TRIP12 increased significantly after treatment. Our results may provide new understanding of AML, and the confirmed alternative splicing event of TRIP12 may be used as potential target for future investigations.